Easter eggs dyed with kitchen staples: beets for pink, blueberries for purple, hibiscus tea for gray, coffee for brown, red cabbage for blue, turmeric for yellow. Hard-boiled white eggs sit in the cooled dye from 30 minutes to overnight, and the colors come out soft and uneven. Children like doing it; it takes time and patience, nothing else.
Each dye is a plant pigment that settles on the eggshell, and vinegar helps it hold: the shell is calcium carbonate, and the acid etches its surface just enough for the color to grip. Red cabbage turns eggs blue because its pigment changes with acidity: red in the acidic dye, blue against the alkaline shell. Beet's pink and turmeric's yellow are strong and quick; blueberry and hibiscus are softer, and the gray from hibiscus needs an overnight soak. The colors are never flat: they pool where the egg rested and lighten where it touched the bowl.
The colors go darker and muddier. White eggs give the clearest color.
Yes, if they were in the fridge while they soaked and were out of it less than 2 hours in total. Hard-boiled eggs keep a week in the fridge.
Longer soaking, or a second bath after the first has dried. More vinegar does not help: it eats at the shell and keeps the cabbage dye red.
Yes. Dry them fully, then keep them in the fridge in an egg carton.
Natural dye sits on the surface. Let the eggs dry untouched; once dry, a drop of oil rubbed on with a cloth gives them a light shine and protects the color.
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Sources: USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service, Shell Eggs from Farm to Table (hard-cooked eggs keep up to one week in the refrigerator; return dyed eggs to the refrigerator within 2 hours), fsis.usda.gov.